| X-ray Fluorescence (Energy-dispersive) |
| Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) |
| Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) |
| Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) |
| Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UC-VIS) |
| High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) |
| Gas chromatography (GC) Detectors: ECD, FID, TCD, PID |
| Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) |
| Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) |
| Particle size analyzer (Laser diffraction type) |
| Ion chromatography |
| X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) |
| Scanning electron microscope (SEM) |
| Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) |
| Stereomicroscope |
| Digital microscope |
| Inverted metallographic microscope |
| Phase contrast microscope |
| Personal image analysis system |
| Controlled atmosphere glove box |
| Controlled atmosphere furnace |
